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KWIKGRAF MINI-MANUAL
Quick Graphics for IBM PC and Compatible Computers
by Alan C. Elliott
TexaSoft
P.O. Box 1169
Cedar Hill, Texas 75104
214-291-2115
April, 1989 Version 1.00
(C)Copyright 1983-89 Alan C. Elliott
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the
information contained herein. While every precaution has been taken
in the preparation of this publication, the publisher assumes no
responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability
assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information
herein.
MANUAL ON DISK:This mini-manual contains brief explanations
concerning the functions of KWIKGRAF. Also reference the KGTUTOR
tutorial. This is a shareware product. If you use this product,
please fill out the order form, and become a registered user. You
will receive the latest version, a copy of the full bound manual and
you will be placed on the mailing list for the newsletter and for
information on updates. Thanks.
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
ORDER FORM FOR KWIKGRAF SN:ORI0489
========================================================
KWIKGRAF complete package, bound manual,
registration, diskette ($35) x ________= $____________
Preorder next update of KWIKGRAF, full package,
including manual $20 x ___________ = $____________
KWIKSTAT - Statistical Analysis Package
registration & diskettes ($35) x ________= $____________
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Please mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, TX 75104
Phone Orders call 214-291-2115, have MC or VISA ready.
ORDER TODAY!
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
INSTALLING KWIKGRAF
KWIKGRAF is distributed on a 5 1/4 inch or 3.5 inch diskette containing the
KWIKGRAF programs and supporting files.
REQUIREMENTS:
1. An IBM PC, AT, PS/2 or compatible computer.
2. DOS 2.0 or higher.
3. At least 320K of memory.
4. A graphics, CGA, EGA, VGA or Hercules graphics type monitor
----- INSTALLING KWIKGRAF -----
STEP 1: Place KWIKGRAF disk in drive A:. Make disk A: the default drive, by
entering:
C>A:
Enter:
A>KWIKLOAD C:
All necessary files will be loaded onto directory C:\KWIKGRAF.
STEP 2: To print a graphics plot to the printer, the DOS file GRAPHICS.COM
must be loaded. (Hercules graphics -- Check information in the appendix) The
command GRAPHICS is in the KG.BAT file used to begin KWIKGRAF. In order for
DOS to know where to find the GRAPHICS.COM command, you must place a PATH
command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. For example:
PATH C:\;C:\DOS
The PATH is activated at boot time. The GRAPHICS program is activated when
you enter the KG command.
MONITOR AND PATH SETUP
The FIRST time you use KWIKGRAF, you need to tell it what kind of monitor
you are using. From the C:\KWIKSTAT directory, enter the command
C>KGSETUP
This will place you in the KWIKUTIL program, in the setup procedure. Answer
questions about path and monitor, and save it to disk.
For example, if your data is stored in the subdirectory C:\KWIKGRAF, enter
that path. If your data is stored on the B: drive, you would enter B:\ for
your path. Select the monitor type you are using.
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR OPERATION
From the prompt "C>", change into the KWIKGRAF directory using the command:
C>CD \KWIKGRAF
To begin KWIKGRAF, enter the command:
C>KG
LATENEWS.DOC
Print the file LATENEWS.DOC to get the latest information on KWIKGRAF.
----- A KWIK TUTORIAL -----
This short tutorial will give you a feeling for how to use KWIKGRAF. It will
assume you are using KWIKGRAF on a hard disk. Begin KWIKGRAF with the KG
command. Notice the three part menu.
Items lettered A to G are procedures of THIS module. Items numbered 1 to 3
are module selections. In the other modules (KWIKDATA and KWIKUTIL), the
lettered options will be different. Press Esc to end the program.
THE HELP SCREEN
To examine the HELP menu, press the F1 function key. The HELP menu lists
major topics, and the screen number. To look at a particular topic, enter
the screen number you desire.
EXAMPLE GRAPHS
From the main KWIKGRAF menu, press a G to select the option "Run a KWIKGRAF
command file."
The name of all ".KG" files will appear in a directory listing. Enter the
name KGTUTOR, and press Enter.
KWIKGRAF will lead you through a series of graphs, showing you examples of
the kinds of graphs you can create. After you have reached the end of this
command file, you will return to the main menu.
To print a graph, press Shift-PrtScr (or Printscreen, depending on the kind
of keyboard you have). Before you print a screen, wait for a few seconds for
the message "Press Esc ..." at the bottom of the screen to disappear.
CREATE A GRAPH FROM DOS
As an example, to execute a graph from DOS, enter the following command at
the DOS prompt:
KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=PICTO X=STATUS IMG=PERSON
This illustrates that you can use KWIKGRAF both in menu mode and in DOS
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
mode. You can also draw a graph directly from dBASE III, as you will see
later.
WHAT TO DO WHEN SOMETHING GOES WRONG
If something goes wrong, check the manual, and check your work. If you
cannot resolve the problem, fill out the BUG REPORT in the appendix. If you
have a suggestion for how to improve KWIKGRAF, send in the USER'S BALLOT.
Thanks.
----- KWIKGRAF DATA MODULE -----
The KWIKGRAF DATA module is used to enter and manage your data. For most
procedures, KWIKGRAF requires that you have data in a database before it can
be used.
A KWIKGRAF database uses the same format as a dBASE III file. Therefore data
already stored in a dBASE III file may be read directly into KWIKGRAF.
----- THE DATA MODULE MENU -----
The menu for the data module lists several options:
A) CREATE A NEW DATABASE
When you choose CREATE, the program will ask you to specify a name for the
database. The name may be up to 8 characters in length, DO NOT include an
extension to the name.
KWIKGRAF will display highlighted areas to enter Name, Type, Width, and
number of Decimal places for each field in the database structure, as
illustrated below:
Field name Type Width Dec
============================================
1 __________ NUMERIC ____ ___
| | | |
enter field choose specify specify
name here field width # of decimals
type for numeric fields
When you begin CREATE, the cursor will be in the FIELD NAME area. Enter a
name, and press the ENTER key. The name you choose will be displayed in all
capital letters, and the cursor will move to the next area, TYPE.
In the TYPE area, type the first character of the desired type, (N, C) for
Numeric or Character.
WIDTH is the number of characters reserved for the entry. Decimal is the
number of decimal places (only relevant for numbers). Note that the number
of decimal places must be at least one less than the width. For example, if
a number has the format ###.##, the width is 6 (count the decimal point),
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
and the number of decimal places is 2.
To end the creation process, type Control-END (^END). As long as you have
not ended the procedure, you may use the cursor keys to back up, and make
any corrections.
If you mess up, end CREATE with Esc and begin again. If you want to enter
data from the keyboard, answer "Y" to the question "ENTER DATA FROM KEYBOARD
NOW (Y/N)"
B) ENTER DATA
When you choose this option, you will be prompted to select data entry from
the keyboard or from a file
KEYBOARD DATA ENTRY
If you are entering data from the keyboard, an entry screen will appear, and
you may begin entry. Enter data in the same way the field descriptions were
entered. To end keyboard entry, press ^End.
ENTER DATA FROM A FILE
You must have first created a database so that the width of each field
corresponds to the width of the field in the ASCII data file. The data will
be entered into the database, and a count of the records will be displayed.
Use the KWIKLOOK procedure to verify that the data has been entered
correctly. If the data does not match the fields, refigure the widths, and
try again. See section on "Reading Data from a ASCII file."
C) EDIT DATA
If you need to change data, use the EDIT option. In the EDIT mode, use the
PgUp and PgDn keys to move to records before or after the one you are
currently editing.
In EDIT mode, you may mark records for deletion. This is done by typing a ^U
(CTRL-U) while you are editing a specific record. A **DEL** will appear on
the screen of a deleted record. To permanently get rid of records, use the
"pack" procedure.
D) PACK THE DATABASE
Use this procedure to permanently get rid of records marked ***DEL*** in
Edit.
E) DISPLAY STRUCTURE
Displays the structure of a database, as you created it in dBASE or in
CREATE.
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
F) MISSING VALUES
Sometimes data values are lost or cannot be gathered. Code these missing
values with an impossible value. For example, missing values for the
variable AGE may be -9. When the program is asked to use that field, it will
ignore records where AGE is -9.
If missing values are NOT used, and there is a blank numeric variable in a
calculation, it will be treated as a 0 (zero), so it is important to use
missing values if your data contains such entries.
G) TRANSFORMATION
Create a new variable in a database with the transformation procedure. For
example, if you wanted a new variable to be the ratio of WEIGHT to HEIGHT,
you could name a new variable RATIO, and use the expression WEIGHT/HEIGHT to
create the new variable. To use TRANSFORMATION, you will need to define
1. A name for the new field
2. A width for the new field
3. The number of decimals, if any.
4. Missing value. If none is selected, it is assumed to be 0.
CAREFUL ATTENTION must be paid to the definition to assure that the
calculated numbers fit into the field width. If an illegal calculation is
attempted, such as a division by 0, or if the calculation includes a missing
value, the result will be missing.
OPERATIONS ALLOWED IN A TRANSFORMATION
Mathematical operators:
Add + Divide / Exponentation ^
Subtract - Multiply *
MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
NAME Meaning Example NAME Meaning Example
------------------------------ --------------------------------------
ABS Absolute value ABS(SCORE) MAX Maximum of list MAX(1,T2,3)
ACOS Arc Cosine ACOS(SCORE) MIN Minimum of list MIN(1,T2,T3)
ASIN Arc Sine ASIN(SCORE) MOD MOD of number MOD(9,2), 9 mod 2
ATAN Arc Tangent ATAN(SCORE) PI PI 3.14159265358979
ATAN2 Arc Tanget y/x ATAN2(y,x) RAND Random number between 0 and 1
CSC Cosecant CSC(SCORE) RECNO Record number record number
COS Cosine COS(SCORE) ROUND Rounds number ROUND(1.236,2)=1.24
COT Cotangent COT(SCORE) SEC Secant SEC(SCORE)
EXP Exponentation EXP(SCORE) SIN Sine SIN(SCORE)
INT Integer INT(SCORE) SQRT Square root SQRT(SCORE)
LN Natural Log LN(SCORE) SUM Sum of list SUM(1,2,3) = 6
LOG Log base 10 LOG(SCORE) TAN Tangent TAN(SCORE)
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
Here are a few examples of expressions, where the new variable is called
NEW, and numerical variables in the database include AGE, WEIGHT, HEIGHT,
and SCORE
NEW = AGE/HEIGHT
NEW = SUM(AGE,WEIGHT,HEIGHT,SCORE)
NEW = SCORE * RAND
NEW = PI * (SCORE ^ 2)
H) SUBSET DATABASE
This allows you to create a new database, using a conditional critera to
output information from the old database to a new one.
Suppose you have a database with a field GROUP with values 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
You want to create a database that does NOT include Group 5. First specify
the name of the new database, for example, "NO5". Next, you are asked for
the field name to be used in the selection criteria. In this case, you would
choose the field named GROUP. Now enter the selection criteria as as a
numerical expression. The conditional operators you may use are:
+ - / * ^ and the logical operator .NOT.
The program will prompt you with
SELECT IF GROUP
and you must finish the selection criteria. For example:
SELECT IF GROUP .NOT. = 5
(Select those records for which the variable GROUP is not equal to 5)
Other selections might be:
SELECT IF GROUP < 4
SELECT IF GROUP <= LOG(TIME) . . . etc . . .
I) KWIKLOOK
KWIKLOOK produces an on-screen list of the data.
----- READING DATA FROM ASCII FILES ------
KWIKGRAF can read data from other programs that can store data in an ASCII
type file. Data must be in the form of column data, like this...
A 22 3.3 Notice:Group width = 1
B 33 4.2 Age width = 3
: Score width = 4 (and 1 decimal place)
ETC
First, create the structure of your database in option A.
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
The field widths MUST match the width of the columns of data on file. If
there are spaces between columns of data, make widths wide enough to account
for those spaces.
In this example, define three fields: GROUP, AGE and SCORE as types
Character, Numeric and Numeric respectively, and with widths 1, 3, and 4.
Specify 1 decimal place for field SCORE. Notice that the widths 3 and 4
include one column that is blank, so that the data is specified in a
continuous manner.
If there are columns in the input you want to ignore, just give them a dummy
name, and call them character fields.
Once you have defined the database to match the ASCII input file, choose
ENTER DATA from a FILE option.
----- KWIKGRAF MODULE -----
The KWIKGRAF module may be run in menu mode, from DOS, from dBASE III, or
from any program that allows you to run a temporary program.
THE KWIKGRAF COMMAND LINE
The KWIKGRAF command line specifies what database to use, which graph to
draw, which variable in the database to use, a title, and other information
specific to the graph being displayed. A command line looks like this:
DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=PIE X=STATUS TITLE="THIS IS MY TITLE"
Important points:
1. No blanks between the key word, the equal sign and
the specification (i.e. DATA=EXAMPLE)
2. Case does not matter.
3. Titles MUST be enclosed in double quotes
In the above example, the database is specified by the DATA keyword, and the
database name is EXAMPLE. The GRAPH keyword specifies a PIE chart. The X
variable is has the field name STATUS, and the TITLE is "THIS IS MY TITLE".
Required KWIKGRAF keywords for drawing a graph:
DATA= Specified database name
GRAPH= Specifies graph type. This can be PIE
HISTOGRAM, PICTOGRAPH, SCATTERPLOT,
TIMEPLOT or 3-D HISTOGRAM. These can be
abbreviated to PIE, HISTO, PICTO, SCAT,
TIME and 3-D.
X= Specifies field name of variable to use
If two variables are required, as in SCAT and 3-D, then a required keyword
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
is:
Y= Specifies second field name
PIE CHARTS
A pie chart may be created from the "B" menu option, or from a command line.
Specifics of the command line are:
Required Keywords: DATA=databasename
GRAPH=PIE
X=fieldname
Optional Keywords: TITLE="title in quotes"
For example:
KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=PIE X=STATUS TITLE="Pie Chart on Status"
PICTOGRAMS
Pictographs may be created from the "B" menu option, or
from a command line. Specifics of the command line are:
Required Keywords: DATA=databasename
GRAPH=PICTO
X=fieldname
IMG=imagefile
Optional Keywords: TITLE="title in quotes"
Several image files are included on disk, including BAR1.IMG, which is a
small bar, and BAR2.IMG, which is a large bar. Images are created in the
utility module.
For example:
KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=PICTO X=STATUS IMG=BAR1 TITLE="Status"
3-D BAR CHART SUMMARY
3-D Bar Charts may be created from the "C" menu option, or from a command
line. Specifics of the command line are:
Required Keywords: DATA=databasename
GRAPH=3-D
X=fieldname
Y=fieldname
Optional Keywords: TITLE="title in quotes"
For example:
KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=3-D X=STATUS Y=GROUP TITLE="Status By Group"
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
HISTOGRAMS
Histograms may be created from the "D" menu option, or from a command line.
Specifics of the command line are:
Required Keywords: DATA=databasename
GRAPH=HISTO
X=fieldname (must be numeric)
Optional Keywords: TITLE="title in quotes"
For example
KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=HISTO X=AGE TITLE="Histogram on Age"
SCATTERPLOTS
Scatterplots may be created from the "E" menu option, or from a command
line. Specifics of the command line are:
Required Keywords: DATA=databasename
GRAPH=SCAT
X=fieldname (must be numeric)
Y=fieldname (must be numeric)
Optional Keywords: TITLE="title in quotes"
For example:
KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=SCAT X=TIME1 Y=TIME2 TITLE="Time1 by Time2"
TIME SERIES PLOTS
Time Series plots may be created from the "F" menu option, or from a command
line. Specifics of the command line are:
Required Keywords: DATA=databasename
GRAPH=TIME
X=fieldname (must be numeric)
Optional Keywords: TITLE="title in quotes"
For example:
KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=TIME X=TIME1 TITLE="Plot of Time1"
RUNNING KWIKGRAF from dBASE III
From within dBASE III, either from command mode, or in a program, you can
cause a KWIKGRAF graph to be produced by using the RUN command. For example,
to produce the last TIME SERIES PLOT, you would have used the command:
.RUN KWIKGRAF DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=TIME X=TIME1 TITLE="Plot of Time1"
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
For this to work, the KWIKGRAF program needs to be in the same subdirectory
as dBASE III. Otherwise, you need to place the path name before the KWIKGRAF
command.
KWIKGRAF COMMAND FILES
A KWIKGRAF command file uses the same syntax as if you had given the command
from DOS. Here are some examples:
DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=SCAT X=TIME1 Y=TIME2 TITLE="Time1 by Time2"
DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=3-D X=STATUS Y=GROUP TITLE="Status By Group"
If your command is too long for a line, your can place a "+" at the end of
the line, which will make KWIKGRAF continue to read it to the next line. For
example:
DATA=EXAMPLE GRAPH=SCAT X=TIME1 Y=TIME2 +
TITLE="Time1 by Time2"
To cause text, such as what you are reading to be displayed, place the
command @DISPLAY on a line, followed by all of the lines to display, and end
the display with the command @END. If you place the keyword BORDER on the
line with @DISPLAY, a border will appear around the text. To run a command
file, enter the following command from DOS.
KWIKGRAF FILE=commandfile
Command files should have a .KG extension.
You may also run a command file from KWIKGRAF menu selection "G".
The KWIKGRAF Menu
If you enter the KWIKGRAF command from DOS with no other keywords, you will
be in "menu" mode, where you can interactively create graphs.
There are a few more options you can choose from the menu mode than from the
command mode, such as specifying certain minimums and maximums for graphs.
You can also run two other KWIKGRAF programs, KWIKDATA and KWIKUTIL
KWIKDATA - create a DATABASE file, enter data, manipulate data.
KWIKUTIL - Create an IMAGE, set colors and default disk, output reports.
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
----- KWIKUTIL - KWIKGRAF UTILITIES - OUTPUT, SETUP, IMAGE -----
The KWIKGRAF UTILITY module allows you to output data from the
dBASE/KWIKGRAF database and to create images for use in pictographs. Items
on the menu are:
A - CHOOSE ANOTHER DATABASE
B - OUTPUT SDF FILE - Output the data into a standard ASCII TEXT file. (SDF
- Standard Data Format).
C - SET UP - This option allows you to tell KWIKGRAF the kind of monitor you
are using, where you data is stored (PATH), and choose colors. This MUST be
performed if you are using a Hercules type monitor.
D - IMAGE ROUTINE - The image program allows you to create new IMG files or
edit images already created. You will be asked if you want to create a NEW
image, or to edit an OLD image. If you choose to enter a NEW image, you will
be asked the pixel size. Maximum size for an image is 40 pixels (dots) wide
and 30 pixels high. IMAGE IS NOT SUPPORTED ON HERCULES MONITORS.
In the image editor, move the cursor around the grid, and select to fill a
dot by pressing the numbers 1, 2 or 3. Even though the images in the IMAGE
program are in color, the Pictograph will produce only black and white
images. To unfill a dot, place the cursor at the dot and press the space
bar. Once you have created or edited an image, choose the (S)ave option to
save the file. Do not use an extension when giving a name, the extension IMG
is always used.
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
----- APPENDIX I -----
SOME COMMON ERROR CODES
24 - Device Timeout - Your printer may be off or disconnected.
25 - Printer has malfunctioned
27 - Printer is out of paper
61 - Disk Full
67 - Too many files on one diskette
70 - Disk is write protected
71 - Disk is not ready (Is drive door closed?)
72 - Disk Media Error (Disk may be bad)
Others: Check Appendix in IBM or Microsoft BASIC manual
----- APPENDIX II -----
BUG REPORT FOR KWIKGRAF: explain in detail the problem that occurred. If
possible, send a print out of the results or Print Screen.
Mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, Texas 75104. Thanks.
----- APPENDIX III -----
USER'S BALLOT: Please indicate your preference for improvements in KWIKGRAF.
On a scale of 0 to 10:
0 = Very Low priority for this change
10 = Very High priority for this change
Vote Proposed item of change
------- -------------------------------------------------------
____ Better control for print-out of results.
____ Stacked Bar charts
____ Add stem and leaf plot
____ Multiple lines on the same plot
____ More control over options from KWIKGRAF command
____ _____________________________________________
____ _____________________________________________
____ _____________________________________________
Mail to:TexaSoft, P.O. Box 1169, Cedar Hill, Texas 75104.
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KWIKGRAF Version 1.00 - Please become a registered user.
----- APPENDIX V -----
HERCULES MONITORS (MONOCHROME GRAPHICS):
Hercules graphics allow standard monochrome monitors to display graphics. In
order for KWIKGRAF to know that you are using a Hercules monitor, you must
do the following:
TO GET GRAPHICS TO PRINT TO THE SCREEN:
1) Copy or rename the file KGH.BAT to KG.BAT so QBHERC will be invoked
before the KWIKGRAF program is begun.
2) In the KWIKUTIL module, choose the SET-UP option and tell KWIKGRAF that
you are using a Hercules monitor. Be sure to choose the save-to-disk option.
TO GET GRAPHICS TO PRINT TO THE PRINTER:
3) You must replace the DOS GRAPHICS command with a graphics command that
supports Hercules monitors. Some examples are SCRDUMP, SIMCGA and PIZZAZ. If
you are using a Laserjet, you will need a graphics command that supports the
H-P Laserjet. These programs are available through most shareware dealers,
or you can order a disk containing a variety of these printer support
programs from TexaSoft for $5.00 - or send us a disk with a prepaid return
envelope, and we'll send you the programs free.
4) Put your replacement for the GRAPHICS command in the file KG.BAT (or
KGH.BAT).
Now, when you enter the KG command, QBHERC and your printer graphics
programs will be loaded into memory, and will tell KWIKGRAF how to print
graphics to the monitor and the printer.
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the monitor and the printer.
1